Complications after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and associated factors

This study aimed to analyze the incidence of vascular complications and associated factors in patients undergoing elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. This study is observational, quantitative, and longitudinal, and followed 50 patients undergoing elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. An instrument for the sociodemographic, clinical, procedure, and vascular complications characterization was used for data collection. And descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multiple binomial logistic regression were used for data analysis. The level of statistical significance considered was 95%. It was detected the prevalence of male patients (70%), elderly (54%), and diagnosed with systemic arterial hypertension (72%). As for the percutaneous access route prevailed the radial approach (64%). Age and body mass index were identified as possible risk factors for vascular complications. In the 50 procedures performed, there was a prevalence of hematomas (20%) and bleeding (10%). Among the complications prevailed radial Early Discharge After Transradial Stenting of Coronary (60%), large femoral hematoma (20%), small femoral hematoma (20%), and bleeding (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 2) (100%). The results concluded an elevated incidence of vascular complications in the first 24 hours after elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. This study contributes to research, assistance, and training in health and nursing by identifying post-PTCA vascular complications, minimizing their progression, handling their management, and developing health care safety protocols.

Segurança e eficácia tardia do stent com eluição de paclitaxel no infarto agudo do miocárdio: um estudo caso-controle / Safety and long-term efficacy of paclitaxel-eluting stent for acute myocardial infarction: a case-control study

Introdução: A segurança e a eficácia tardia de stents com eluição de paclitaxel (SEP) ainda são debatidas no infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). Método: Para avaliar o desempenho dos SEP em pacientes com IAM tratados com intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP), 60 pacientes foram selecionados para uma análise tipo caso-controle, comparando um grupo com SEP (TaxusTM) e um grupo controle com o stent convencional análogo (Express IITM). Os parâmetros para escolha dos controles foram o comprimento e o diâmetro do stent, e a presença de diabetes melito. Eventos cardíacos adversos maiores foram avaliados durante o seguimento clínico. Reestudo angiográfico tardio foi realizado em todos os pacientes. Avaliação ultra-sonográfica foi realizada no grupo SEP. Resultados: As características basais foram semelhantes entre os grupos. Após 24,9 ± 5,3 meses de acompanhamento, houve uma revascularização da lesão-alvo (RLA) no grupo SEP (nova ICP), e uma morte não-cardíaca, um reinfarto e seis RLA (duas cirurgias e quatro novas ICP) no grupo controle. O grupo SEP apresentou menor risco de nova revascularização (3,3% vs. 23,3%; p = 0,02). Ao reestudo angiográfico realizado, em média, 8,7 ± 3,1 meses após o procedimento índice, a perda angiográfica tardia foi de 0,21 ± 0,29 mm vs. 0,60 ± 0,76 mm (p = 0,01) e a taxa de reestenose binária foi de 3,3% vs. 33,3% (p = 0,002) nos grupos SEP e controle, respectivamente. À ultra-sonografia, o grupo SEP apresentou obstrução neointimal intra-stent porcentual média de 4,7 ± 6,8%. Má aposição do stent foi observada em 8 (34,8%) pacientes. Conclusão: O SEP (TaxusTM) mostrou-se seguro e efetivo em paciente com IAM, durante seguimento clínico de dois anos.

Background: The long-term safety and efficacy of paclitaxeleluting stents (PES) remains debated for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Method: To evaluate the performance of PES in patients with AMI treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), 60 patients were subjected to a matched analysis comparing PES stent (TaxusTM) with an analogous bare metal stent (Express IITM) control group. Matching parameters included stent length and diameter, and diabetes mellitus. Major adverse cardiac events were evaluated during follow up. Late angiographic restudy was obtained for all patients. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) evaluation was performed in PES group. Results: Baseline and procedural characteristics were similar between PES and control groups. After a mean follow-up of 24.9 ± 5.3 months, there was 1 target lesion revascularization (TLR) in the PES group (re-stenting) and 1 non cardiac death, 1 re-AMI and 6 TLR (2 surgical revascularizations and 4 re-PCI) in the control group. Patients of PES group had a lower risk of repeat revascularization (3.3 vs. 23.3%; p = 0.02). At angiographic restudy 8.7 ± 3.1 months after index procedure, angiographic late loss was 0.21 ± 0.29 vs. 0.60 ± 0.76 mm (p = 0.01) and the binary reestenosis rate was 3.3 vs. 33.3% (p = 0.002) in the PES vs. control groups respectively. At IVUS evaluation, average percent in-stent neointimal obstruction of PES group was 4.7 ± 6.8%. Stent malapposition was observed in 8 patients (34.8%). Conclusion: Paclitaxel-eluting stents (TaxusTM) appeared safe and effective in patients with acute myocardial infarction at a two-year period follow-up.